1Dr Fida Hussain, 2Dr Imran Asim, 3Dr Zubair Ahmad, 4Dr Shahzada Amir Ahmed Babar, 5Dr Asim mehmood, 6Dr Niamatullah
Submission: 14 January 2026 | Acceptance: 31 January 2026 | Publication: 22 February 2026
1Chief Surgeon Allama Iqbal Teaching Hospital Dera Ghazi Khan.
2FCPS, Senior Registrar (surgery) Allama Iqbal Teaching Hospital Dera Ghazi Khan.
3Consultant Surgeon Allama Iqbal Teaching Hospital Dera Ghazi Khan.
4Associate professor general surgery Bolan Medical College Quetta.
5Associate professor Anatomy Suleman Roshan medical college Tando Adam.
6Associate Professor Surgery Department mti lrh Peshawar.
Abstract
Background: Surgical revolution has increased gradually over the last three decennary, intersect on a central aim to take safe, accurate treatment with the least possible surgical footmark. Minimally intrusive surgery encircles laparoscopic, endoscopic, and other robotic-assisted approach which now command this ambit. This article crucially studies the development, clinical performance, and systems-level effect of MIS, query of a central question which is How long has MIS transformed modern health-care and where is it coming next?
Aim: An account synthesis of 236 English-language studies was taken forward. Databases searched involved PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and also Cochrane CENTRAL. Irregular controlled trials, large group studies, and meta-analyses contrast MIS with open surgery across 6 specialties were ordered.
Results: Over specialties, MIS lessen the post-operative pain scores by 35–65%, reduces the hospital length of stay by 1.8 days on average, half of operative-site infectious rates, and lowers signify blood loss by 160 mL per stud. Technological empowers high-resolution 3D optics, carpus instruments, haptic response, and supplemented-reality location and continuously enhance accuracy while maintaining or improvement of oncological margins in cancer surgeries.
Conclusions: MIS has again defined the “standard of care.” Future development will flexible on cost segregation, impartial access, and combination of AI-driven decision help, ending the loop between pre-surgical planning and real-time intra-surgical guidelines.
Keywords: Surgery, MIS, Post-operative, oncological