Metabolomic Profiling of Biomarkers for Early Detection of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
1Faiza Maqsood, 2Umar Tipu, 3Mansoor Musa, 4Qamar Abbas, 5Dr. Muhammad Zubair, 6Dr Qamar Yasmeen (PhD)
Submission: 01 December 2025 | Acceptance: 05 January 2026 | Publication: 16 February 2026
1UHS Lahore
2PIMS Islamabad
3UHS Lahore
4PIMS Islamabad
5Associate Professor of Pathology Saidu Medical College, Swat/ Saidu group of Teaching Hospitals,Swat.
6Assistant professor Biochemistry, Niazi medical and dental college Sargodha
ABSTRACT:
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Early detection of T2DM is critical for effective management and prevention of complications. Recent advancements in metabolomics have enabled the identification of potential biomarkers for the early detection of T2DM, providing new insights into its pathophysiology.
Aim: The aim of this study was to identify metabolomic biomarkers associated with the early detection of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus using high-throughput analytical techniques.
Methods: This study was conducted at Services Hospital, Lahore, from May 2024 to April 2025. A total of 90 participants were enrolled, consisting of 45 individuals with prediabetes and 45 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify and quantify metabolites. Statistical analysis was performed to determine significant differences in metabolite profiles between the groups.
Results: Several metabolites were identified as significantly altered in the prediabetic group compared to healthy controls. Key metabolites involved in glucose metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and inflammation were found to be dysregulated. Multivariate analysis revealed a panel of biomarkers that could distinguish between prediabetic and healthy individuals with high sensitivity and specificity.
Conclusion: Metabolomic profiling of blood samples has proven to be a promising tool for the early detection of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The identified biomarkers could potentially serve as diagnostic indicators for individuals at risk, enabling earlier intervention and better management of the disease.
Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Metabolomic Profiling, Biomarkers, Early Detection, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Prediabetes, Glucose Metabolism.